China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: In the context of ‘String of Pearl Strategy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v7i8.1060Keywords:
Chabahar, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, International Relations, String of Pearls Strategy.Abstract
This paper narrates china’s investment in South East Asian region and the up-gradation and construction of ‘Deep Sea Ports’ in countries such as Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. China’s escalating growth of its naval bases and trade influences in Indian and South Chinese Ocean is globally coined as China’s ‘String of Pearls Strategy’ (SOPs). Recently China has initiated $46 Billion projects in Pakistan, connecting deep sea Port of Gwadar with Kashgar, which is mostly discussed in the literature as ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor’ (CPEC). This corridor is considered to be a game changer in South Asia’s emerging economies. The current document is an approach of descriptive exploratory study to highlight the importance of String of Pearl theory in the strategic manner, the China’s initiative of economic corridor and rapid re-structuring of the silk roads for the trade purpose. CPEC’s investment in Pakistan and the political and power dynamics in the South East Asia among countries in terms of politics, internal situation and inter-country alliances. The current document highlighted and discussed the policies which Pakistan can be predicted to be followed to improve the effectiveness of CPEC.
References
Abednego, M. P., & Ogunlana, S. O. (2006). Good project governance for proper risk allocation in public–private partnerships in Indonesia. International Journal of Project Management, 24(7), 622-634.
Abid, M., & Ashfaq, A. (2015). CPEC: Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 16(2), 142-169.
Afzal, S. (2015). " port versus Chahbhar port." Retrieved May,25, 2015, from http://foreignpolicynews.org/2015/05/25/-port-versus-chahbhar-port/.
Ahmad, D. A. (2015). "“: Potentials and Prospects”." Retrieved January,28, 2016, from http://www.picss.net/-potential-and-prospects/.
Ahmar, D. M. (2015). ", “Strategic Meaning of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”, ." Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad2014 and 2015(December): 39.
Akhter, S. (2016). “FDI up 15pc on CPEC Inflows in July-March”. The News. Karachi.
Ali, E. H. a. G. (2015). The CPEC opportunities and challanges. . Daily Times. Pakistan.
Ali, G. (2013). China’s strategic interests in Pakistan’s port at . East Asia Forum.
Anholt, S. (2016). Places: Identity, image and reputation. Springer.
Ayaz, A. (2015). vs Chabahar. . The News international. Karachi-Pakistan, Jang Group of Newspapers.
Bhattacharjee, D. (2015). China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
Chen,A. (2017).Rebuilt port heralds success. The Telegraph .Retrieved May 6,2017,from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/world/china-watch/business/china-rebuilds-port-in-pakistan/
Chowdhary, M. (2015). China's Billion-Dollar Gateway To The Subcontinent: Pakistan May Be Opening A Door It Cannot Close. . Forbes. Usa, Forbes.com.
Christ, N., & Ferrantino, M. J. (2011). Land transport for export: The effects of cost, time, and uncertainty in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 39(10), 1749-1759.
CIA. (2017). The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html
Clark, G. (2014). The making of a world city: London 1991 to 2021. John Wiley & Sons.
Dent, C. M. (2016). East Asian Regionalism. Routledge.
Falak, J. (2015). "CPEC internal significance and challanges." Retrieved june 30, 2015, from http://www.stratagem.pk/strategic-pulse/cpec-internal-signfigance-and-challenges/.
Fatima, Q. and A. Jamshed (2015). "The Political and Economic Significance of Indian Ocean: An Analysis." South Asian Studies30(2): 73-89.
Fujita, M., Krugman, P. R., Venables, A. J., & Fujita, M. (1999). The spatial economy: cities, regions and international trade (Vol. 213). Cambridge, MA: MIT press.
Greenaway, D., A. Mahabir and C. Milner (2008). "Has China displaced other Asian countries' exports?" China Economic Review19(2): 152-169.
Hali, S. M., Shukui, T., & Iqbal, S. (2015). One Belt and One Road: Impact on China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Strategic Studies, 34(4), 147-164.
Holmes, J. R. and T. Yoshihara (2008). "China's naval ambitions in the Indian Ocean." The Journal of Strategic Studies31(3): 367-394.
Ibrar, M., MI, J., Rafiq, M., & Karn, A. L. (2016). The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Security Challenges. DEStech Transactions on Economics and Management, (apme).
Iqbal, A. (2016). 3 varsities at CPEC route to start functioning soon. Pakistan Observer. Islamabad.
Iqbal, A. (2016). First phase of CPEC to be completed by 2018. The Nation. Lahore.
Iqbal, K. (2015). " Port: Harbinger of prosperity for Baloch people." Defence Journal19(5): 58.
Irshad, M. S. (2015). One Belt and One Road: Dose China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Benefit for Pakistan's Economy?.
Jeanette Rodrigues, “Moody‟s Upgrades Pakistan Rating as Sharif Improves Finances,” Bloomberg Business (New York), June 12, 2015. At http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-12/moody-s-upgrades-pakistan-rating-as-sharif-improves-finances
Jinchen, T. (2016). ‘One Belt and One Road’: Connecting China and the world. Global Infrastructure Initiative website.
Kabir, T. (2016). "Why India is worried about China’s ambitious One Belt One Road initiative." Retrieved April,2, 2016, from http://cpecnews.com/why-india-is-worried-about-chinas-ambitious-one-belt-one-road-initiative/.
Kaplan, R. D. (2011). Monsoon: the Indian Ocean and the future of American power. Random House Incorporated.
Kauppert, P. (2014). ECONOMY OF TOMORROW: Case Study of Pakistan. Islamabad. Retrieved from www.fes-pakistan.org
Kilcullen, D. (2011). The accidental guerrilla: Fighting small wars in the midst of a big one. Oxford University Press.
Kostecka, D. J. (2011). "Places and bases: The Chinese navy's emerging support network in the Indian Ocean." Naval War College Review64(1): 59.
Kurian, N. (2014). India-China Borderlands: Conversations Beyond the Centre. New Delhi, SAGE Publications India.
Kronstadt, K. A. (2009, February). Pakistan-US relations. Library of Congress Washington Dc Congressional Research Service.
Malhotra, N. K., & Birks, D. F. (2007). Marketing research : an applied approach. Harlow : Prentice Hall: Financial Times, 2007.
Malik, A. A. (2015). Exploring the Dynamics of Urban Development with Agent-Based Modeling: The Case of Pakistani Cities (Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University).
Mangi, F., & Haider, K. (2015). China superhighway to run through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Retrieved August 24, 2017, from http://www.livemint.com/Politics/1BSPn5G8USunbmlbVO9VdI/China-superhighway-to-run-through-Pakistanoccupied-Kashmir.html
Marantidou, V. (2014). "Revisiting China’s ‘String of Pearls’ Strategy: Places ‘with Chinese Characteristics’ and their Security Implications." Pacific Forum CSIS Issues & Insights14.
Morrison, M. (2009). Leadership and learning: Matters of social justice. IAP.
News, C. (2015). "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor." Retrieved January,5,2016, 2016, from http://cpecnews.com/china-pakistan-economic-corridor/.
Newton, J. (2016). The Oldest Foods on Earth: A History of Australian Native Foods with Recipes. NewSouth.
Niazi, T. (2005). ": China’s Naval Outpost on the Indian Ocean’. Association for Asian Research. 28 February." The JamesTown Foundation5(4).
Pant, H. V. (2012). China's rising global profile: the great power tradition, Sussex Academic Press.
Pant, H. V. (2012). "The Pakistan Thorn in China–India–US Relations." The Washington Quarterly35(1): 83-95.
Prasad, R. V. S. (2009). The string of pearls. The Indian Express. New Dehli,India.
Ramasamy, B., & Yeung, M. (2010). The determinants of foreign direct investment in services. The World Economy, 33(4), 573-596.
Ritzinger, L. (2015). "The china-Pakistan Economic Corridor Regional Dynamics and china;s Geopolitical Ambitions." The National Bureau of Asian Research. Strategic Asia, 2015-16.
Robson, C. (2002). Real world research : a resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers. Oxford UK ;;Madden Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press.
Ruhl, J. B., Kraft, S. E., & Lant, C. L. (2013). The law and policy of ecosystem services. Island Press.
Saeed Shah, “China‟s Xi Jinping Launches Investment Deal in Pakistan”, The Wall Street Journal, 20 April 2015,
Sambanis, N. (2008). Terrorism and civil war. Terrorism, economic development, and political openness, 174-206.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). Essex: FT Prentice Hall.
Shah, A. H. (2007-09). The volatile situation of Balochistan - options to bring it into streamline. Master Of Science In Information Operations Descriptive.
Shah, S. M. A. (2015). Chabahar vs . Dawn. Pakistan, Pakistan Herald Publications.
Survey, P. E. (2014-2015). "Impact of War in Afghanistan and Ensuing Terrorism on Pakistan'sEconomy."RetrievedJanuary,5,2016,from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_15/Annex_IV_War_on_Terror.pdf.
Tavia Grant. (2011). On 10th birthday, BRICs poised for more growth - The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/on-10th birth day -brics-poised-for-more-growth/article536100/
Tea, B. (2011). "Unstring china strategic pearls."
Trading Economices. (2017). Pakistan GDP | 1960-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. Retrieved July 18, 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/gdp
Tschantret, J. (2016). Repression, opportunity, and innovation: The evolution of terrorism in Xinjiang, China. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1-20.
Wolf, S. O. (2016). The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: An Assessment of its Feasibility and Impact on Regional Cooperation.
Yogesh (2013). Security and Strategic Implications of the So-cWorldometers. (2017). Pakistan Population (2017) - Worldometers. Retrieved July 18, 2017, from http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
