Perfectionism and Job Burnout: Does Religious Coping Moderate the Relationship?

Authors

  • Mohamad Saad Mohamad Cairo University
  • Sahar Mohamed Badawy The British University in Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v5i12.896

Keywords:

Burnout, Egyptian physicians, perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, religious coping.

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between perfectionism and burnout. Moreover, the moderating effect of religious coping in this relationship was also investigated. The sample of the current study consisted of 210 physicians, with a reasonable mix of demographic characteristics, working in public and private health institutions in the greater Cairo Area. The data were obtained using a structured questionnaire to assess perfectionistic striving, perfectionistic concerns, religious coping and the three dimensions of job burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of inefficacy. Significant correlations were obtained between perfectionism and burnout dimensions. However, the moderating effect of religious coping in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout was not obtained. These results were discussed in line with extant literature. Conclusion and policy implications were reported.

Author Biographies

  • Mohamad Saad Mohamad, Cairo University

    Associate professor, Department of Psychology

    Cairo University - Egypt

  • Sahar Mohamed Badawy, The British University in Egypt

    Assistant professor, Department of Business Adminstriation 

    The British University in Egypt

    Perfectionism and burnout: Does religious coping moderate the relationship?

References

Ano, G. & Vasconcelles, E. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 1-20.

Ashby, J. & Huffman, J. (1999). Religious orientation and multidimensional perfectionism: Relationships and implications. Counseling and Values, 43(3), 178–188.

Belal B., Hassan Y., & Rusnah M. (2009). Religiosity and work stress coping behavior of Muslim employees, Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 2(2), 123-137

Bergman, A., Nyland, J., & Burns, L. (2007). Correlates with perfectionism and the utility of a dual process model. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2), 389–399.

Bieling, P., Israeli, A., & Antony, M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality & Individual Differences, 36(6), 1373.

Bjorck J., & Thurman J. (2007). Negative life events, patterns of positive and negative religious coping, and psychological functioning. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 46(2), 159-167.

Cano-Garcia, F., Padilla-Muñoz, E., & Carrasco-Ortiz, M. (2005). Personality and contextual variables in teacher burnout. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(4), 929–940.

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2014). The annual bulletin of statistics of health services. Cairo: CAPMAS.

Chang, E., Lee, A., Byeon, E., Seong, H., & Lee, S. (2015). Role of motivation in the relation between perfectionism and academic burnout in Korean students. Personality and Individual Differences, 82(15), 221-226.

Chang, Y. (2012). The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism with burnout: Testing mediating effect of emotion-focused coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(5), 635–639.

Child, J., & Stoeber, J. (2010). Self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism in employees: Relationships with burnout and engagement. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 25(4), 269-281.

Child, J. & Stoeber, J. (2012). Do you want me to be perfect? Two longitudinal studies on socially prescribed perfectionism, stress and burnout in the workplace. Work & Stress, 26(4), 347-364.

Cox, B., Enns, M., & Clara, I. (2002). The multidimensional structure of perfectionism in clinically distressed and college student samples. Psychological Assessment, 14, 365-373.

Craiovan, P. (2014). Correlations between perfectionism, stress, psychopathological symptoms and burnout in the medical field. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127(22), 529-533.

Crosby, J., Bates, S., & Twohig, M. (2011). Examination of the relationship between perfectionism and religiosity as mediated by psychological İnflexibility. Current Psychology, 30(2), 117-129

David, J., & Suls, J. (1999). Coping efforts in daily life: Role of big five traits and problem appraisals. Journal of Personality, 67(2), 265–294

Dakanalis, A., Timko, A., Zanetti, A., Rinaldi, L., Prunas, A., Carrà, G., Riva, G., & Clerici, M. (2014). Attachment insecurities, maladaptive perfectionism, and eating disorder symptoms: A latent mediated and moderated structural equation modeling analysis across diagnostic groups. Psychiatry Research, 215(1), 176–184.

Ellison C. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32(1), 80-99.

Eum, K., Rice, K. (2011). Test anxiety, perfectionism, goal orientation, and academic performance. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 24(2), 167-178.

Fedewa, B., Burns, L., & Gomez, A. (2005). Positive and negative perfectionism and the shame/guilt distinction: Adaptive and maladaptive characteristics. Personality and Individual Difference, 38(7), 1609–1619.

Ferguson, E. (2001). Personality and coping traits: A joint factor analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6(4), 311–325.

Flett, G., & Hewitt, P. (2002). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In: P. L. Hewitt & G. L. Flett (Eds.). Perfectionism (pp. 5–31). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Fry, P. (1995). Perfectionism, humor, and optimism as moderators of health outcomes and determinants of coping styles of women executives. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 121(2), 211-245.

Gandi, J., Wai, P., Karick, H., & Dagona, Z. (2011). The role of stress and level of burnout in job performance among nurses. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 8(3), 181-194.

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,

Hallsten, L., Voss, M., Stark, S., Josephson, M., & Vingård, E. (2011) Job burnout and job worn-out as risk factors for long term sickness absence. Work, 38(2), 181–192.

Hastings, R. & Brown, T. (2002). Coping strategies and the impact of challenging behaviors on special educators' burnout. Mental Retardation, 40(2), 148-156.

Hill, R., Huelsman, T., Furr, R., Kibler, J., Vicente, B., & Kennedy, C. (2004). A new measure of perfectionism: The perfectionism inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82(1), 80–91.

Huggins, L., Davis, M., Rooney, R., & Kane, R. (2008). Socially prescribed and self-oriented perfectionism as predictors of depressive diagnosis in pre adolescents. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 18(2), 182-194.

Huhra, R. (2007). Religious coping as a moderator of the five-factor model of personality traits and alcohol abuse severity at six-month follow-up in a twelve-step treatment sample. (Electronic Thesis and Dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu

Ismail, Z., & Desmukh, S., (2012). Religiosity and psychological well-Being. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(11), 20-28.

Jahromi, F., Naziri, G., & Barzegar, M. (2012). The relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and depression: The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32(12), 141 – 147.

Kahnamouei, S., Bazmi, M., & Allahvirdiyan, K. (2011). Relationship of religious orientation (inward-outward) with depression, anxiety and stress. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30(11), 2047-2049.

Kanten, P. & Yesiltas, M. (2015). The effects of positive and negative perfectionism on work engagement, psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(15), 1367-1375.

Karimi, Y., Bashirpur, M., Khabbaz, M., Hedayati, A. (2014). Comparison between perfectionism and social support dimensions and academic burnout in students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159(23), 57-63.

Kempke, S., Houdenhove, B., Luyten, P., Goossens, L., Bekaert, P., & Wambeke, P. (2011). Unraveling the role of perfectionism in chronic fatigue syndrome: Is there a distinction between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism? Psychiatry Research, 186 (2–3), 373–377.

Kim, H., Shin, K., & Swanger, N. (2009). Burnout and engagement: A comparative analysis using the big five personality dimensions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 96–104.

Klibert, J. & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. & Saito, M. (2005). Adaptive and maladaptive aspects of self-oriented versus socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of College Student Development, 46(2), 10-13.

Kobori, O., & Tanno, Y. (2005). Self-oriented perfectionism and its relationship to positive and negative affect: The mediation of positive and negative perfectionism cognitions. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 29(5), 555–567.

Landa, C., & Bybee, J. (2007). Adaptive elements of aging: Self-image discrepancy, perfectionism, and eating problems. Developmental Psychology, 43(1), 83–93.

Lazarus, R. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

Leiter, M., & Maslach C. (2009). Nurse turnover: The mediating role of burnout. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(3), 331-339.

Li, X., Hou, Z., Chi, H., Liu, J. & Hager, M., (2014). The mediating role of coping in the relationship between subtypes of perfectionism and job burnout: A test of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism with employees in China. Personality and Individual Differences, 58(1), 65-70.

Lo, A., & Abbott, M. (2013). Review of the theoretical, empirical, and clinical status of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Behavior Change, 30(2), 96–116.

Longbottom, J., Grove, R., & Dimmock, J. (2012). Trait perfectionism, self-determination, and self-presentation processes in relation to exercise behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(2), 224-235.

Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, A., & Quan, S. (2016). The effect of perfectionism on school burnout among adolescence: The mediator of self-esteem and coping style. Personality and Individual Differences, 88(1), 202-208.

Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2003). Religious orientation, religious coping and appraisals of stress: assessing primary appraisal factors in the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(7), 1209-1224.

Maslach, C. (2001). What have we learned about burnout and health? Psychology & Health, 16(5), 607-612.

Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout: New directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 189-193.

Maslach, C., Jackson, S., Leiter, M., Schaufeli, W., & Schwab, R. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory, 3rd edition. Mind Garden, Inc.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.

Mitchelson, J., & Burns L. (1998). Career mothers and perfectionism: stress at work and at home. Personality and Individual Differences. 25(3), 477-485.

Nayeri, N., Negarandeh, R., Vaismoradi, M., Ahmadi, F. & Faghihzadeh, S. (2009). Burnout and productivity among Iranian nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences. 11(3), 263-270.

O'Connor, R. & O'Connor, D. (2003). Predicting hopelessness and psychological distress: The role of perfectionism and coping. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(3), 362-372.

Ozyurt, A., Hayran, O., & Sur, H. (2006). Predictors of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish physicians. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 99(3), 161–169.

Pargament, K. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Pargament, K., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The Brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51-76.

Pargament, K., & Mahoney, A. (2005). Sacred matters: Sanctification as a vital topic for the psychology of religion. Journal of Scientific Study of Religion. 15(3), 179-198.

Pargament K., Smith, B., Koenig, H., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710-724.

Rasquinha, A., Dunn, J., & Dunn, J. (2014). Relationships between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and competitive sport level. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(6), 659-667.

Schiena, R., Luminet. O., Philippot, P., & Douilliez, C. (2012). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in depression: Preliminary evidence on the role of adaptive and maladaptive rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(6), 774–778.

Schaufeli, W., Taris, T., Rhenen, W. (2008). Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well-being? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(2), 173–203.

Shanafelt, T., Boone, S., Tan, L., Lotte, N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., West, C., Sloan, J., & Oreskovich, M. (2012). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. JAMA Internal Medicine, 172(18), 1377-1385.

Sipon S., Nasrah, S., Nazli, N., Abdullah, S., & Othman, K. (2014). Stress and religious coping among flood victims. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140(1), 605-608.

Skodova, Z. & Lajciakova, P. (2013). The effect of personality traits and psychosocial training on burnout syndrome among healthcare students. Nurse Education Today, 33(11), 1311–1315.

Smith, M., Saklofske, D., Yan, G., Sherry, S. (2015). Perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns interact to predict negative emotionality: Support for the tripartite model of perfectionism in Canadian and Chinese university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 81(1), 141-147.

Spickard A., Gabbe, S., & Christensen, J. (2002). Mid-career burnout in generalist and specialist physicians. JAMA, 288(12), 1447-1450.

Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295–319.

Stoeber. J., & Stoeber, F. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 530–535.

Stumpf, H., & Parker, W. (2000). A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(5) 837–852.

Swider, B., & Zimmerman, R. (2010). Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3), 487–506.

Toppinen, T., Salla, O., Anneli, V., Ari, K. & Raija, J. (2005). Burnout as a predictor of medically certified sick-leave absences and their diagnosed causes. Behavioral Medicine. 31(1), 18-27.

Zhang Y., Gan, Y., & Cham, H. (2007). Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1529-1540.

Downloads

Published

2015-12-09

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 12 (2015): December

Section

Article

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).