Measuring Emotional Responses to TV Commercials: The Warmth Monitor Modernized
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v4i12.640Keywords:
Advertising effectiveness, commercial breaks, emotional response, felt mood, warmth monitor.Abstract
Recently there has been a lot of interest in measuring emotional responses to advertising. This study focuses on the measurement of a specific emotional response to television advertising; warmth. Nearly thirty years ago, (Aaker, Stayman and Hagerty, 1986) developed a procedure they called the Warmth Monitor; “paper and pencil” self-report process recording method. The Warmth Monitor has been used in a large number of empirical studies in marketing since, but the most recent versions of the procedure are computerized. The two methods of administering the Warmth Monitor are compared in this research.
References
Aaker, D. A., Stayman D. M., and M. R. Hagerty (1986). Warmth in advertising: Measurement, impact and sequence effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 365-381.
Batra, R., and M. L. Ray (1986). Affective responses mediating acceptance of advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 234-249.
Baumgartner H., M. Sujan and D. Padgett (1997). Patterns of affective reactions to advertisements: the integration of moment-to-moment responses into overall judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 34 (May), 219-232.
Coulter, K. S., (1998). The effects of affective responses to media context on advertising evaluations. Journal of Advertising, 27 (4), 41-51.
Derbaix, C. and I. Poncin (2005). La mesure des réactions affectives en marketing : évaluation des principaux outils. Rechercheet Applications en Marketing, 20, 55-75.
Edell J.A. and M.C. Burke (1987). The power of feelings in understanding advertising effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 421-433.
Fenwick I. and M.L. Rice (1991). Reliability of continuous measurement copy-testing methods. Journal of Advertising Research, February/March, 23-29
Krugman, H. E., (1983). Television Program Interest and Commercial Interruption. Journal of Advertising Research, 23 (1), 21-23.
Lioret Segura, S. and Gonzalez-Roma, V. (2003). How do respondents construe ambiguous response formats of affect items? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85 (5), 956-968.
Medianu, S., (2007). Mood Incongruent Recall: An Examination of Mediating Variables. Lethbridge Undergraduate Research Journal, 2, 1-5.
Moorman, M., Neijens, P. C., and E. G. Smit (2012). Program-Involvement Effects on Commercial Attention and Recall of Successive and Embedded Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 41(2), 25-38.
Norris, C. E., and A. M. Colman, (1993). Context effects on memory for television advertisements. Social Behavior and Personality, 21(4), 279-296.
Owolabi, A. B., (2009). Effect of Consumers Mood on Advertising Effectiveness. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 4, 118-127.
Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis, Harper and Row, New York (1980)
Richins, M. L. (1997). Measuring emotions in the consumption experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 24 (September), 127-146.
Roy, M. (2013). Effects of Commercial Breaks Placement on Television Advertisement Effectiveness. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 73-79.
Soldow, G. F., and V. Principe, (1981). Response to Commercials as a Function of Program Context. Journal of Advertising Research, 21 (2), 59-65.
Stayman, D. M., and D. A. Aaker (1993). Continuous measurement of self-report of emotional response. Psychology & Marketing, 10, 199-214.
Swaminathan, S., and R. Kent, (2013). Second-by-second analysis of advertising exposure in TV pods: The dynamics of position, length, and timing. Journal of Advertising Research, 53(1), 91-100.
Tavassoli, N. T., Shultz, C. J., and G. J. Fitzsimons, (1995). Program involvement: Are moderate levels best for ad memory and attitude toward the Ad? Journal of Advertising Research, 35 (5), 61-72.
VandenAbeele P. and D.L. MacLachlan (1994). Process tracing of emotional responses to TV Ads: Revisiting the warmth monitor, Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (March), 586-600.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).